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After studying electrical double layers for many years, at small separations we expected attractive force between highly charged surfaces in the presence of Ca2+ counterions. What we found on this occasion was that in addition to double layer attraction the surface charge on mica was reversed within the Stern layer, and from a distance the surfaces appeared positively charged. Surface charge reversal is presently attracting a lot attention. From: P. Kekicheff, S. Marcelja, T. J. Senden and V. E. Shubin, Charge reversal seen in electrical double layer interaction of surfaces immersed in 2:1 calcium electrolyte, Journal of Chemical Physics 99 (1993) 6098-6113. |