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Stratosphere
Chemical Reactions in the Stratosphere
Chapman Cycle (Formation and Loss of O3)
O2 + hν(λ < 242 nm) → 2 O
O + O2 → O3
Formation
O + O3 → 2 O2
Loss
With HOx
O3 + hν(λ < 336 nm) → O(1D) + O2
O(1D) + M → O + M
O(1D) + H2O → 2 OH
Loss
OH + O3 → HO2 + O2
Loss
HO2 + O3 → OH + 2 O2
Loss
With NOx
O3 + hν(λ < 336 nm) → O(1D) + O2
O(1D) + M → O + M
O(1D) + N2O → 2 NO
Loss
NO + O3 → NO2 + O2
Loss
NO2 + hν → NO + O
With ClOx
CF3Cl + hν → CF3 + Cl
Cl + O3 → ClO + O2
Loss
ClO + O → Cl + O2 (Low [ClO])
ClO + NO2 → ClONO2
HCl + ClONO2 → Cl2 + HNO3 Antarctic Winter
Cl2 + hν → 2 Cl (Ozone Hole)
Antarctic Spring
Cl + O3 → ClO + O2
Loss
ClO + ClO + hν →
2 Cl + O2 (High [ClO])
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